[Tarantool-patches] [PATCH v3 2/3] cfg: support symbolic evaluation of replication_synchro_quorum

[Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>]

When synchronous replication is used we prefer a user to specify
a quorum number, ie the number of replicas where data must be
replicated before the master node continue accepting new
transactions.

This is not very convenient since a user may not know initially
how many replicas will be used. Moreover the number of replicas
may vary dynamically. For this sake we allow to specify the
number of quorum in a symbolic way.

For example

box.cfg {
	replication_synchro_quorum = "N/2+1",
}

where `N` is a number of registered replicas in a cluster.
Once new replica attached or old one detached the number
is renewed and propagated.

Internally on each replica_set_id() and replica_clear_id(),
ie at moment when replica get registered or unregistered,
we call box_update_replication_synchro_quorum() helper which
finds out if evaluation of replication_synchro_quorum is
needed and if so we calculate new replication_synchro_quorum
value based on number of currently registered replicas. Then
we notify dependent systems such as qsync and raft to update
their guts.

Note: we do *not* change the default settings for this option,
it remains 1 by default for now. Change the default option should
be done as a separate commit once we make sure that everything is
fine.

Closes #5446

Signed-off-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com>

@TarantoolBot document
Title: Synchronous replication

The `replication_synchro_quorum` parameter allows to specify
value not just as a plain integer number but as a formula too.
The formula should use symbol `N` to represent amount of
registered replicas.

For example the canonical definition for a quorum (ie majority
of members in a set) of `N` replicas is `N/2+1`. For such
configuration one can define

```
box.cfg {replication_synchro_quorum = "N/2+1"}
```

Note that for sake of simplicity quorum evaluation never returns
negative values thus for the case of formula say `N-2` the result
will be 1 until number of replicas become 4 and more.
---
 src/box/box.cc           | 142 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
 src/box/box.h            |   1 +
 src/box/lua/load_cfg.lua |   2 +-
 src/box/replication.cc   |   4 +-
 4 files changed, 142 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/box/box.cc b/src/box/box.cc
index a8bc3471d..b9d078de4 100644
--- a/src/box/box.cc
+++ b/src/box/box.cc
@@ -554,10 +554,101 @@ box_check_replication_sync_lag(void)
 	return lag;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Evaluate replication syncro quorum number from a formula.
+ */
+static int
+eval_replication_synchro_quorum(int nr_replicas)
+{
+	const char fmt[] =
+		"local expr = [[%s]]\n"
+		"local f, err = loadstring('return ('..expr..')')\n"
+		"if not f then "
+			"error(string.format('Failed to load \%\%s:"
+			"\%\%s', expr, err)) "
+		"end\n"
+		"setfenv(f, {N = %d, math = {"
+			"ceil = math.ceil,"
+			"floor = math.floor,"
+			"abs = math.abs,"
+			"random = math.random,"
+			"min = math.min,"
+			"max = math.abs,"
+			"sqrt = math.sqrt,"
+			"fmod = math.fmod,"
+		"}})\n"
+		"return math.floor(f())\n";
+	char buf[1024];
+	int value = -1;
+
+	const char *expr = cfg_gets("replication_synchro_quorum");
+	size_t ret = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, expr, nr_replicas);
+	if (ret >= sizeof(buf)) {
+		diag_set(ClientError, ER_CFG,
+			 "replication_synchro_quorum",
+			 "the expression is too big");
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	luaL_loadstring(tarantool_L, buf);
+	if (lua_pcall(tarantool_L, 0, 1, 0) != 0) {
+		diag_set(ClientError, ER_CFG,
+			 "replication_synchro_quorum",
+			 lua_tostring(tarantool_L, -1));
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	if (lua_isnumber(tarantool_L, -1))
+		value = (int)lua_tonumber(tarantool_L, -1);
+	lua_pop(tarantool_L, 1);
+
+	/*
+	 * At least we should have 1 node to sync, thus
+	 * if the formula has evaluated to some negative
+	 * value (say it was n-2) do not treat it as an
+	 * error but just yield a minimum valid magnitude.
+	 */
+	if (value < 0) {
+		const int value_min = 1;
+		say_warn_ratelimited("replication_synchro_quorum evaluated "
+				     "to the negative value %d, set to %d",
+				     value, value_min);
+		value = value_min;
+	} else if (value >= VCLOCK_MAX) {
+		const int value_max = VCLOCK_MAX - 1;
+		say_warn_ratelimited("replication_synchro_quorum evaluated "
+				     "to value %d, set to %d",
+				     value, value_max);
+		value = value_max;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * We never return 0, even if we're in bootstrap
+	 * stage were number of replicas equals zero we
+	 * should consider the node itself as a minimum
+	 * quorum number.
+	 */
+	return MAX(1, value);
+}
+
 static int
 box_check_replication_synchro_quorum(void)
 {
-	int quorum = cfg_geti("replication_synchro_quorum");
+	int quorum = 0;
+
+	if (!cfg_isnumber("replication_synchro_quorum")) {
+		/*
+		 * The formula uses symbolic name 'N' as
+		 * a number of currently registered replicas.
+		 */
+		int value = replicaset.registered_count;
+		quorum = eval_replication_synchro_quorum(value);
+		if (quorum < 0)
+			return -1;
+	} else {
+		quorum = cfg_geti("replication_synchro_quorum");
+	}
+
 	if (quorum <= 0 || quorum >= VCLOCK_MAX) {
 		diag_set(ClientError, ER_CFG, "replication_synchro_quorum",
 			 "the value must be greater than zero and less than "
@@ -910,18 +1001,61 @@ box_set_replication_sync_lag(void)
 	replication_sync_lag = box_check_replication_sync_lag();
 }
 
+/**
+ * Assign new replication_synchro_quorum value
+ * and notify dependent subsystems.
+ */
+static void
+set_replication_synchro_quorum(int quorum)
+{
+	assert(quorum > 0 && quorum < VCLOCK_MAX);
+
+	replication_synchro_quorum = quorum;
+	txn_limbo_on_parameters_change(&txn_limbo);
+	box_raft_update_election_quorum();
+}
+
 int
 box_set_replication_synchro_quorum(void)
 {
 	int value = box_check_replication_synchro_quorum();
 	if (value < 0)
 		return -1;
-	replication_synchro_quorum = value;
-	txn_limbo_on_parameters_change(&txn_limbo);
-	box_raft_update_election_quorum();
+	set_replication_synchro_quorum(value);
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Renew replication_synchro_quorum value if defined
+ * as a formula and we need to recalculate it.
+ */
+void
+box_update_replication_synchro_quorum(void)
+{
+	if (cfg_isnumber("replication_synchro_quorum")) {
+		/*
+		 * Even if replication_synchro_quorum is a constant
+		 * number the RAFT engine should be notified on
+		 * change of replicas amount.
+		 */
+		box_raft_update_election_quorum();
+		return;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * The formula has been verified already on the bootstrap
+	 * stage (and on dynamic reconfig as well), still there
+	 * is a Lua call inside, heck knowns what could go wrong
+	 * there thus panic if we're screwed.
+	 */
+	int value = replicaset.registered_count;
+	int quorum = eval_replication_synchro_quorum(value);
+	if (quorum < 0 || quorum >= VCLOCK_MAX)
+		panic("failed to eval replication_synchro_quorum");
+	say_info("update replication_synchro_quorum = %d", quorum);
+	set_replication_synchro_quorum(quorum);
+}
+
 int
 box_set_replication_synchro_timeout(void)
 {
diff --git a/src/box/box.h b/src/box/box.h
index b47a220b7..c3e1a1276 100644
--- a/src/box/box.h
+++ b/src/box/box.h
@@ -252,6 +252,7 @@ void box_set_replication_connect_timeout(void);
 void box_set_replication_connect_quorum(void);
 void box_set_replication_sync_lag(void);
 int box_set_replication_synchro_quorum(void);
+void box_update_replication_synchro_quorum(void);
 int box_set_replication_synchro_timeout(void);
 void box_set_replication_sync_timeout(void);
 void box_set_replication_skip_conflict(void);
diff --git a/src/box/lua/load_cfg.lua b/src/box/lua/load_cfg.lua
index 76e2e92c2..af66c0e46 100644
--- a/src/box/lua/load_cfg.lua
+++ b/src/box/lua/load_cfg.lua
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ local template_cfg = {
     replication_timeout = 'number',
     replication_sync_lag = 'number',
     replication_sync_timeout = 'number',
-    replication_synchro_quorum = 'number',
+    replication_synchro_quorum = 'string, number',
     replication_synchro_timeout = 'number',
     replication_connect_timeout = 'number',
     replication_connect_quorum = 'number',
diff --git a/src/box/replication.cc b/src/box/replication.cc
index 931c73a37..3126d86ac 100644
--- a/src/box/replication.cc
+++ b/src/box/replication.cc
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ replica_set_id(struct replica *replica, uint32_t replica_id)
 	say_info("assigned id %d to replica %s",
 		 replica->id, tt_uuid_str(&replica->uuid));
 	replica->anon = false;
-	box_raft_update_election_quorum();
+	box_update_replication_synchro_quorum();
 }
 
 void
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ replica_clear_id(struct replica *replica)
 		assert(!replica->anon);
 		replica_delete(replica);
 	}
-	box_raft_update_election_quorum();
+	box_update_replication_synchro_quorum();
 }
 
 void
-- 
2.26.2